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Resident
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Normal Lab Values
Electrolytes
- Ammonia: 10–80 mcg/dL or 6–47 μmol/L
- Ceruloplasmin: 23–50 mg/dL or 230–500 mg/L
- Chloride: 98–106 mEq/L or 98–106 mmol/L
- Copper: 100–200 μg/dL; urine: 0–100 μg/24 h
- Creatinine: 0.8–1.3 mg/dL; males 0.6–1.2; females 0.5–1.1 mg/dL
- Blood urea nitrogen: 10–20 mg/dL or 3.6–7.1 mmol/L
- Ferritin: females 10–150 ng/mL; males 12–300 ng/mL
- Glucose: 74–106 mg/dL
- Inorganic phosphorus: 3–4.5 mg/dL or 0.97–1.45 mmol/L
- Ionized calcium: 4.5–5.6 mg/dL or 1.05–1.3 mmol/L
- Magnesium: 1.3–2.1 mEq/L or 0.65–1.05 mmol/L
- Phosphate: 3–4.5 mg/dL or 0.97–1.45 mmol/L
- Potassium: 3.5–5.0 mEq/L
- Pyruvate: 0.08–0.16 mmol/L
- Sodium: 136–145 mEq/L
- Total calcium: 2–2.6 mmol/L (9–10.5 mg/dL)
- Total iron‑binding capacity: 250–310 μg/dL
- Total serum iron: 50–150 μg/dL
- Transferrin: 215–365 mg/dL or 2.15–3.65 g/L
- Urea: 1.2–3 mmol/L
- Uric acid: males 4–8.5 mg/dL; females 2.7–7.3 mg/dL
- Zinc: 75–140 μg/dL
Hematology
- Hemoglobin: females 12–16; males 14–18 g/dL
- Hematocrit: females 37–47%; males 42–50%
- Glycosylated hemoglobin: 4.0–5.9%
- MCV: 80–95 fL
- RDW: 11–14.5%
- MCH: 27–31 pg
- MCHC: 32–36 g/dL
- Reticulocytes: 0.5–2%
- WBC: 5,000–10,000/mm³
- Neutrophils: 2,500–8,000/mm³
- Bands: <1 ×10⁹/L
- Lymphocytes: 1,000–4,000/mm³
- Monocytes: 100–700/mm³
- Eosinophils: 50–500/mm³
- Platelets: 150,000–400,000/mm³
- PT: 11–12.5 s
- INR: 0.8–1.1
- aPTT: 30–40 s
- Fibrinogen: 200–400 mg/dL
- Bleeding time: <9 min
Lipids
- Triglycerides: males 40–160; females 35–135 mg/dL
- Total cholesterol: <200 mg/dL
- HDL: males >45 mg/dL; females >55 mg/dL
- LDL: <130 mg/dL
Acid‑Base
- pH: 7.35–7.45
- Base excess: 0 ± 2 mEq/L
- H⁺: 36–44 nmol/L
- pO₂: 80–100 mm Hg
- O₂ saturation: ≥95%
- pCO₂: 35–45 mm Hg
- HCO₃⁻: 21–28 mEq/L
Gastrointestinal Function
- Albumin: 3.5–5.5 g/dL
- Alkaline phosphatase: 30–120 U/L
- ALT: 4–36 U/L
- Amylase: 60–220 U/L
- AST: 0–35 U/L
- Direct bilirubin: 0.1–0.3 mg/dL
- GGT: females <45yrs 5–27; ≥45 both sexes 8–38 U/L
- Lipase: 0–160 U/L
- Total bilirubin: 0.3–1.0 mg/dL
- Total protein: 6.4–8.3 g/dL
Cardiac Enzymes
- Creatine kinase: 20–200 U/L
- CK-MB: <5% of total CK
- Cardiac Troponin T: <0.1 ng/mL
- Cardiac Troponin I: <0.03 ng/mL
- hsTnT: males <22 ng/L; females <14 ng/L
Hormones
- 17-hydroxyprogesterone (female): <80 ng/dL
- ACTH: males 7–69 pg/mL; females 6–58 pg/mL
- Estradiol: males 10–50; females follicular 20–350 pg/mL
- Free T3: 2.3–4.2 pg/mL
- Free T4: 0.8–1.8 ng/dL
- FSH: males 1.4–15.4; females vary by cycle phase
- Growth hormone (fasting): males <5; females <10 ng/mL
- Progesterone: varies by sex/phase/trimester
- Prolactin: males 3–13; females 3–27 ng/mL
- Testosterone: males 291–1100; females 18–54 ng/dL
- Thyroxine-binding globulin: 12–27 µg/mL
- TSH: 0.5–4.0 µU/mL
- Total T4: 4–12 mcg/dL
- Total T3: 80–180 ng/dL
Vitamins
- Folate: 5–25 ng/mL
- Vitamin A: 32.5–78 μg/dL
- Vitamin B12: 200–800 pg/mL
- Vitamin C: 0.4–1.5 mg/dL
- Vitamin D (25‑OH): 30–60 ng/mL; 1,25‑OH: 15–60 pg/mL
Tumor Markers
- AFP: <40 ng/mL; β-hCG: females <1 U/L; males <1.4 U/L
- CA 19-9: 0–37 U/mL
- CEA: <2.5 ng/mL
- Prostatic acid phosphatase: 0–3 U/dL
- PSA: 0–2.5 ng/mL
Miscellaneous
- α₁-antitrypsin: 85–213 mg/dL
- ACE: 8–53 U/L
- CRP: 1.0 mg/dL or <10 mg/L
- D-dimer: <0.5 mg/L FEU
- ESR: males <15 mm/h; females <20 mm/h
- LDH: 100–190 U/L
- Lead: <10 µg/dL
- Rheumatoid factor: Negative (<60 U/mL)
Comprehensive Laboratory Test Reference Ranges
| Laboratory Test | Reference Range | SI Conversion |
|---|---|---|
| 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol), serum | See Vitamin D metabolites | |
| 1,5-Anhydroglucitol, serum or plasma | Female: 6.8–29.3 μg/mL; Male: 10.7–32 μg/mL | Female: 41.4–178.5 μmol/L; Male: 65.2–194.9 μmol/L |
| 17-Hydroxycorticosteroids (Porter–Silber), urine | Female: 2–8 mg/24 hr; Male: 3–10 mg/24 hr | |
| 17-Hydroxyprogesterone, serum | Female, follicular: <80 ng/dL | <2.5 nmol/L |
| Female, luteal: <285 ng/dL | <9 nmol/L | |
| Female, postmenopausal: <51 ng/dL | <1.6 nmol/L | |
| Male (adult): <220 ng/dL | <7 nmol/L | |
| 25-Hydroxyvitamin D (25-hydroxycholecalciferol), serum | See Vitamin D metabolites | |
| 5-Hydroxyindoleacetic acid, urine | 2–9 mg/24 hr | 10–47 μmol/24 hr |
| 5′-Nucleotidase, serum | 0.3–2.6 (Bodansky) units/dL (0–15 U/L) | |
| 6-Thioguanine, whole blood | 230–400 pmol/8×10⁸ RBCs | |
| Absolute basophil count | 0–110/µL | 0–0.11 × 10⁹/L |
| Absolute eosinophil count | 0–330/µL | 0–0.33 × 10⁹/L |
| Absolute lymphocyte count | 1200–4950/µL | 1.2–4.95 × 10⁹/L |
| Absolute monocyte count | 0–660/µL | 0–0.66 × 10⁹/L |
| Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) | 2000–8250/µL | 2–8.25 × 10⁹/L |
| Acid phosphatase, serum | Total: 0.5–2.0 (Bodansky) units/mL | |
| Prostatic fraction: 0.1–0.4 unit/mL | ||
| ACTH, plasma | 10–60 pg/mL | 2.2–13.2 pmol/L |
| Activated partial thromboplastin time | 25–35 seconds | |
| ADAMTS13 activity | >60% | |
| Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), plasma | 10–60 pg/mL | 2.2–13.2 pmol/L |
| Albumin, serum | 3.5–5.5 g/dL | 35–55 g/L |
| Albumin, urine | <25 mg/24 hr | |
| Albumin-to-creatinine ratio, urine | <30 mg/g | |
| Aldolase, serum | 0.8–3.0 IU/mL | |
| Aldosterone, plasma | Supine or seated: ≤10 ng/dL | ≤0.3 nmol/L |
| Standing: <21 ng/dL | <0.6 nmol/L | |
| Low-sodium diet (supine): ≤30 ng/dL | ≤0.8 nmol/L | |
| Aldosterone, urine | 5–19 μg/24 hr | 13.8–52.6 nmol/day |
| Alkaline phosphatase, serum | 30–120 U/L | |
| Alpha1-antitrypsin (AAT), serum | 150–350 mg/dL | 1.5–3.5 g/L or 27.6–64.5 μmol/L |
| Alpha2-antiplasmin activity, plasma | 75%–115% | |
| Alpha-amino nitrogen, urine | 100–290 mg/24 hr | |
| Alpha-fetoprotein, serum | <10 ng/mL | <10 μg/L |
| Amino acids, urine | 200–400 mg/24 hr | |
| Aminotransferase, serum alanine (ALT, SGPT) | 10–40 U/L | |
| Aminotransferase, serum aspartate (AST, SGOT) | 10–40 U/L | |
| Ammonia, plasma | 40–70 μg/dL | 23.5–41.1 μmol/L |
| Amylase, serum | 25–125 U/L (80–180 [Somogyi] units/dL) | |
| Amylase, urine | 1–17 U/hr | |
| Androstenedione, serum | Female: 30–200 ng/dL; male: 40–150 ng/dL | Female: 1–7 nmol/L; male: 1.4–5.2 nmol/L |
| Angiotensin-converting enzyme, serum | 8–53 U/L | |
| Anion gap, serum | 7–13 mEq/L | 7–13 mmol/L |
| Antibodies to double-stranded DNA | 0–7 IU/mL | |
| Anticardiolipin antibodies | IgG: <20 GPL | |
| IgM: <20 MPL | ||
| (IgA not routinely measured) | ||
| Anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies | <20 units | |
| Antideoxyribonuclease B | <280 units | |
| Anti-F-actin antibodies, serum | ≤1:80 | |
| Antihistone antibodies | <1:16 | |
| Anti-liver-kidney microsomal antibodies (anti-LKM) | <1:20 | |
| Antimitochondrial antibodies | ≤1:5 | |
| Anti-myelin associated glycoprotein antibody | <1:1600 | |
| Antimyeloperoxidase antibodies | <1.0 U | |
| Antinuclear antibodies (ANA) | ≤1:40 | |
| Anti-phospholipase A₂ receptor (PLA2R) antibodies, serum [ELISA] | Negative: <14 RU/mL | |
| Borderline: 14 – <20 RU/mL | ||
| Positive: ≥20 RU/mL | ||
| Anti-RNP antibodies [by chemiluminescence method] | <20 CU | |
| Anti-RNP antibodies [by multiplex flow immunoassay] | <1.0 AI | |
| Anti-Scl-70 antibodies (topoisomerase I antibodies), IgG, serum | Negative: <1.0 U; Positive: ≥1.0 U | |
| Anti-smooth muscle antibodies | ≤1:80 | |
| Anti-SSA/Ro & anti-SSB antibodies [by chemiluminescence method] | <20 CU | |
| Anti-SSA/Ro & anti-SSB antibodies [by multiplex flow immunoassay] | <1.0 AI | |
| Antistreptolysin O titer | <200 Todd units | |
| Antithrombin activity | 80%–120% | |
| Antithyroglobulin antibodies | <20 U/mL | |
| Antithyroid peroxidase antibodies | <2.0 U/mL | |
| Anti-tissue transglutaminase antibodies | See Tissue transglutaminase antibody | |
| Apolipoprotein A-1, serum | Female: ≥140 mg/dL; male: ≥120 mg/dL | Female: ≥1.4 g/L; male: ≥1.2 g/L |
| Apolipoprotein B, serum |
Desirable: <90 mg/dL Borderline high: 90–119 mg/dL High: 120–139 mg/dL Very High: ≥140 mg/dL |
Desirable: <0.9 g/L Borderline high: 0.9–1.2 g/L High: 1.2–1.4 g/L Very High: ≥1.4 g/L |
| Arterial blood gas studies (room air) |
pH: 7.38–7.44 PaCO₂: 38–42 mm Hg PaO₂: 75–100 mm Hg Bicarbonate: 23–26 mEq/L Oxygen saturation: ≥95% Methemoglobin: 0.5%–3.0% |
PaCO₂: 5.1–5.6 kPa PaO₂: 10–13.3 kPa Bicarbonate: 23–26 mmol/L |
| Ascorbic acid (vitamin C), blood | 0.4–1.5 mg/dL | 22.7–85.2 μmol/L |
| Ascorbic acid, leukocyte | 16.5 ± 5.1 mg/dL of leukocytes | |
| (1,3)-Beta-D-glucan, serum | <60 pg/mL | |
| Beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG), serum |
Female, premenopausal nonpregnant: <1.0 U/L Female, postmenopausal: <7.0 U/L Male: <1.4 U/L |
|
| Beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG), urine | <2 mIU/24 hr | |
| Beta2-glycoprotein I antibodies |
IgG: <21 SGU IgM: <21 SMU |
|
| Beta-hydroxybutyrate, serum | <0.4 mmol/L | |
| Beta2-microglobulin, serum | 0.54–2.75 mg/L | |
| Bicarbonate, serum | 23–28 mEq/L | 23–28 mmol/L |
| Bilirubin, serum |
Total: 0.3–1.0 mg/dL Direct: 0.1–0.3 mg/dL Indirect: 0.2–0.7 mg/dL |
Total: 5.1–17.1 μmol/L Direct: 1.7–5.1 μmol/L Indirect: 3.4–12 μmol/L |
| Bleeding time (template) | <8 minutes | |
| Blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum or plasma | 8–20 mg/dL | 2.9–7.1 mmol/L |
| Bone-specific alkaline phosphatase, serum |
Female, premenopausal: 4.5–16.9 µg/L Female, postmenopausal: 7.0–22.4 µg/L Male ≥25 years: 6.5–20.1 µg/L |
|
| B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), plasma | <100 pg/mL | <28 pmol/L |
| C peptide, serum | 0.8–3.1 ng/mL | 0.3–1 nmol/L |
| Calcitonin, serum | Female: ≤5 pg/mL; male: ≤10 pg/mL | Female: ≤1.5 pmol/L; male: ≤2.9 pmol/L |
| Calcium, ionized, serum | 1.12–1.23 mmol/L | |
| Calcium, serum | 8.6–10.2 mg/dL | 2.2–2.6 mmol/L |
| Calcium, urine | Female: <250 mg/24 hr; male: <300 mg/24 hr | Female: <6.3 mmol/day; male: <7.5 mmol/day |
| Carbohydrate antigens, serum |
CA 19-9: 0–37 U/mL CA 27-29: <38.0 U/mL CA 125: <35 U/mL |
|
| Carbon dioxide, serum | 23–30 mEq/L | 23–30 mmol/L |
| Carboxyhemoglobin, blood | <5% | |
| Carcinoembryonic antigen, plasma | <2.5 ng/mL | <2.5 μg/L |
| Carotene, serum | 75–300 μg/dL | 1.4–5.6 μmol/L |
| Catecholamines, plasma |
Dopamine: <30 pg/mL Epinephrine (supine): <50 pg/mL Epinephrine (standing): <95 pg/mL Norepinephrine (supine): 112–658 pg/mL Norepinephrine (standing): 217–1109 pg/mL |
Dopamine: <195 pmol/L Epinephrine (supine): <275 pmol/L Epinephrine (standing): <520 pmol/L Norepinephrine (supine): 662–3890 pmol/L Norepinephrine (standing): 1280–6550 pmol/L |
| Catecholamines, urine (24 hr) |
Dopamine: 65–400 μg/24 hr Epinephrine: 2–24 μg/24 hr Norepinephrine: 15–100 μg/24 hr Total: 26–121 μg/24 hr |
Dopamine: 424–2610 nmol/24 hr Epinephrine: 10.9–131 nmol/24 hr Norepinephrine: 88.7–590 nmol/24 hr |
| CD4 T-lymphocyte count | 530–1570/μL | |
| Cell count, CSF |
Leukocytes (WBCs): 0–5 cells/μL Erythrocytes (RBCs): 0/μL |
|
| Ceruloplasmin, serum (plasma) | 25–43 mg/dL | 250–430 mg/L |
| Chloride, CSF | 120–130 mEq/L | 120–130 mmol/L |
| Chloride, serum | 98–106 mEq/L | 98–106 mmol/L |
| Chloride, urine |
Random (“spot”): varies (mEq/L) 24-hour: varies with intake (mEq/24 hr) |
|
| Cholesterol, serum |
Total Desirable: <200 mg/dL Borderline-high: 200–239 mg/dL High: >239 mg/dL High-density lipoprotein (HDL) Female: <50 mg/dL; male: <40 mg/dL Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) Optimal: <100 mg/dL Near-optimal: 100–129 mg/dL Borderline-high: 130–159 mg/dL High: 160–189 mg/dL Very high: >189 mg/dL |
Total Desirable: <5.2 mmol/L Borderline-high: 5.2–6.2 mmol/L High: >6.2 mmol/L HDL Female: <1.3 mmol/L; male: <1 mmol/L LDL Optimal: <2.6 mmol/L Near-optimal: 2.6–3.3 mmol/L Borderline-high: 3.4–4.1 mmol/L High: 4.1–4.9 mmol/L Very high: >4.9 mmol/L |
| Cholinesterase, serum (pseudocholinesterase) | ≥0.5 pH unit/hr | |
| Cholinesterase, packed cells | ≥0.7 pH unit/hr | |
| Chorionic gonadotropin, beta-human (beta-hCG), serum | See Beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (beta-hCG), serum | |
| Chorionic gonadotropin, beta-human (beta-hCG), urine | See Beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (beta-hCG), urine | |
| Chromogranin A, serum | <93 ng/mL | |
| Citrate, urine | 250-1000 mg/24 hr | |
| Coagulation factor I (fibrinogen), plasma | 200-400 mg/dL | 5.8-11.8 μmol/L |
| Coagulation factor II (prothrombin), plasma | 60%-130% | |
| Coagulation factor V (accelerator globulin), plasma | 60%-130% | |
| Coagulation factor VII (proconvertin), plasma | 60%-130% | |
| Coagulation factor VIII (antihemophilic globulin), plasma | 50%-150% | |
| Coagulation factor IX (plasma thromboplastin component), plasma | 60%-130% | |
| Coagulation factor X (Stuart factor), plasma | 60%-130% | |
| Coagulation factor XI (plasma thromboplastin antecedent), plasma | 60%-130% | |
| Coagulation factor XII (Hageman factor), plasma | 60%-130% | |
| Coagulation factor XIII, plasma | 57%-192% | |
| Cold agglutinin titer | >1:64 positive | |
| Complement component C3, serum | 100-233 mg/dL | 1-2.3 g/L |
| Complement component C4, serum | 14-48 mg/dL | 0.1-0.5 g/L |
| CH50, serum | 110-190 units/mL | |
| Copper, serum | 100-200 μg/dL | 15.7-31.4 μmol/L |
| Copper, urine | 0-100 μg/24 hr | 0-1.57 μmol/24 hr |
| Coproporphyrin, urine | 50-250 μg/24 hr | 76.4-382 nmol/24 hr |
| Cortisol, free, urine | 4-50 μg/24 hr | 11-138 nmol/24 hr |
| Cortisol, plasma 0800 | 5-25 μg/dL | 138-690 nmol/L |
| Cortisol, plasma 1600 | <10 μg/dL | <276 nmol/L |
| Cortisol, plasma 1 hour after cosyntropin | ≥18 μg/dL | ≥496.6 nmol/L |
| Cortisol, plasma overnight suppression test (1-mg) | <1.8 μg/dL | <49.66 nmol/L |
| Cortisol, plasma overnight suppression test (8-mg) | >50% reduction in cortisol | |
| Cortisol, saliva 11 PM – midnight | <0.09 µg/dL | |
| C-reactive protein, serum (CRP) | ≤0.8 mg/dL | ≤76.2 nmol/L |
| C-reactive protein (high sensitivity), serum (CRP) | Low cardiovascular risk: <1.0 mg/L; Average: 1.0-3.0 mg/L; High: >3.0 mg/L | Low: <9.5 nmol/L; Average: 9.5-28.6 nmol/L; High: >28.6 nmol/L |
| Creatine kinase, serum (CK) total | Female: 30-135 U/L; male: 55-170 U/L | Female: 0.5-2.3 mckat/L; male: 0.9-2.8 mckat/L |
| Creatine kinase, serum (CK) MB isoenzymes | <5% of total | |
| Creatine, urine | Female: 0-100 mg/24 hr; male: 0-40 mg/24 hr | |
| Creatinine clearance, urine (CrCl) | 90-140 mL/min/1.73 m² | 1.5-2.3 mL/second/1.73 m² |
| Creatinine, serum (SCr) | Female: 0.50-1.10 mg/dL; male: 0.70-1.30 mg/dL | Female: 44-97 μmol/L; male: 62-115 μmol/L |
| Creatinine, urine random (“spot”) | mg/dL; varies | |
| Creatinine, urine 24-hour measurement | 15-25 mg/kg body weight/24 hr | |
| D-dimer, plasma | <0.5 μg/mL | <3 nmol/L |
| Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S), serum | Female: 44-332 μg/dL; male: 89-457 μg/dL | Female: 1.2-9 μmol/L; male: 2.4-12.4 μmol/L |
| Delta-aminolevulinic acid, serum | <20 μg/dL | <1.53 μmol/L |
| Dihydrotestosterone, serum | Adult male: 25-80 ng/dL | Adult male: 0.86-2.78 nmol/L |
| Dopamine, plasma | <30 pg/mL | <195.84 pmol/L |
| Dopamine, urine | 65-400 μg/24 hr | |
| D-Xylose absorption, serum | 25-40 mg/dL | |
| D-Xylose absorption, urinary excretion | 4.5-7.5 g during a 5-hr period | |
| Electrolytes, serum – Sodium | 136-145 mEq/L | 136-145 mmol/L |
| Electrolytes, serum – Potassium | 3.5-5.0 mEq/L | 3.5-5 mmol/L |
| Electrolytes, serum – Chloride | 98-106 mEq/L | 98-106 mmol/L |
| Electrolytes, serum – Bicarbonate | 23-28 mEq/L | 23-28 mmol/L |
| Epinephrine, plasma supine | <110 pg/mL | <600.5 pmol/L |
| Epinephrine, plasma standing | <140 pg/mL | <765 pmol/L |
| Epinephrine, urine | <20 μg/24 hr | <110 nmol/24 hr |
| Erythrocyte count | 4.2-5.9 million/μL | |
| Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (Westergren) (ESR) | Female: 0-20 mm/hr; male: 0-15 mm/hr | |
| Erythrocyte survival rate (51Cr) | T½ = 28 days | |
| Erythropoietin, serum | 4-26 mU/mL | 4-26 U/L |
| Estradiol, serum – Female follicular | 10-180 pg/mL | 36.7-660 pmol/L |
| Estradiol, serum – Female mid-cycle peak | 100-300 pg/mL | 367-1100 pmol/L |
| Estradiol, serum – Female luteal | 40-200 pg/mL | 147-735 pmol/L |
| Estradiol, serum – Female postmenopausal | <10 pg/mL | <36.7 pmol/L |
| Estradiol, serum – Male | 20-50 pg/mL | 73.4-184 pmol/L |
| Estriol, urine | >12 mg/24 hr | |
| Estrogen receptor protein | Negative: <10 fmol/mg protein | |
| Estrone, serum | 10-60 pg/mL | 37-222 pmol/L |
| Ethanol, blood | <0.005% (<5 mg/dL) | <1.1 mmol/L |
| Ethanol, blood – Coma level | >0.5% (>500 mg/dL) | >108.5 mmol/L |
| Ethanol, blood – Intoxication | ≥0.08%-0.1% (≥80-100 mg/dL) | ≥17.4-21.7 mmol/L |
| Euglobulin clot lysis time | 2-4 hours at 37.0 C | |
| Factor XIII, B subunit, plasma | 60-130 U/dL | |
| Fecal fat | <7 g/24 hr | |
| Fecal pH | 7.0-7.5 | |
| Fecal weight | <250 g/24 hr | |
| Ferritin, serum | Female: 24-307 ng/mL; male: 24-336 ng/mL | Female: 53.9-689.8 pmol/L; male: 53.9-755 pmol/L |
| Fibrin(ogen) degradation products | <10 μg/mL | <10 mg/L |
| Fibrinogen, plasma | 200-400 mg/dL | 5.9-11.8 μmol/L |
| Fibroblast growth factor-23, serum | 30-80 RU/mL | |
| Folate, red cell | 150-450 ng/mL of packed cells | 340-1020 nmol/L of packed cells |
| Folate, serum | 1.8-9.0 ng/mL | 4.1-20.4 nmol/L |
| Follicle-stimulating hormone, serum (FSH) – Female follicular/luteal | 2-9 mIU/mL (2-9 U/L) | |
| Follicle-stimulating hormone, serum (FSH) – Female mid-cycle peak | 4-22 mIU/mL (4-22 U/L) | |
| Follicle-stimulating hormone, serum (FSH) – Female postmenopausal | >30 mIU/mL (>30 U/L) | |
| Follicle-stimulating hormone, serum (FSH) – Male adult | 1-7 mIU/mL (1-7 U/L) | |
| Follicle-stimulating hormone, serum (FSH) – Children Tanner stages 1,2 | 0.5-8.0 mIU/mL (0.5-8.0 U/L) | |
| Follicle-stimulating hormone, serum (FSH) – Children Tanner stages 3,4,5 | 1-12 mIU/mL (1-12 U/L) | |
| Free kappa light chain, serum | 3.3-19.4 mg/L | |
| Free kappa-to-free lambda light chain ratio, serum | 0.26-1.65 | |
| Free lambda light chain, serum | 5.7-26.3 mg/L | |
| Gamma globulin, CSF | 6.1-8.3 mg/dL | 0.06-0.08 g/L |
| Gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), serum | Female: 8-40 U/L; male: 9-50 U/L | Female: 8-40 U/L; male: 9-50 U/L |
| Gastrin, serum | <100 pg/mL | <100 ng/L |
| Glucose, CSF | 50-75 mg/dL | 2.8-4.2 mmol/L |
| Glucose, plasma (fasting) | 70-99 mg/dL | 3.9-5.5 mmol/L |
| Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, blood (G6PD) | 5-15 units/g of hemoglobin | 0.08-0.25 nkat/g of hemoglobin |
| Glycoprotein α-subunit, serum | <1 ng/mL | |
| Growth hormone, serum at rest | <5 ng/mL | <5 mcg/L |
| Growth hormone, serum response to provocative stimuli | >7 ng/mL | >7 mcg/L |
| Haptoglobin, serum | 83-267 mg/dL | 830-2,670 mg/L |
| Hematocrit, blood (HCT) | Female: 37%-47%; male: 42%-50% | |
| Hemoglobin A1C | 4.0%-5.6% | 20.2-37.7 mmol/mol |
| Hemoglobin, blood (Hb) | Female: 12-16 g/dL; male: 14-18 g/dL | Female: 120-160 g/L; male: 140-180 g/L |
| Hemoglobin fractionation – Hb A | 96%-98% | |
| Hemoglobin fractionation – Hb A2 | 1.5%-3.5% | |
| Hemoglobin fractionation – Hb F | <1% | |
| Hemoglobin, plasma | <5.0 mg/dL | |
| Heparin-anti-factor Xa assay, plasma (Anti-Xa) | 0.3-0.7 IU/mL [therapeutic range for standard (unfractionated) heparin therapy] | |
| Heparin-platelet factor 4 antibody, serum | Positive: >0.4 optical density unit | |
| Hepatic copper | 25-40 μg/g dry weight | |
| Hepatic iron index | <1.0 | |
| Histamine excretion, urine | 20-50 μg/24 hr | |
| Homocysteine, plasma | 5-15 μmol/L | |
| β-Human chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG), serum | Female, premenopausal nonpregnant: <1.0 U/L; female, postmenopausal: <7.0 U/L; male: <1.4 U/L | |
| β-Human chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG), urine | <2 mIU/24 hr | |
| Hydroxyproline, urine | 10-30 mg/sq meter of body surface/24 hr | |
| Immature platelet fraction | 1%-5% of platelet count | |
| Immune complexes, serum | 0-50 μg/dL | |
| Immunoglobulins, serum – IgA | 90-325 mg/dL | 0.9-3.3 g/L |
| Immunoglobulins, serum – IgE | <380 IU/mL | <0.9 g/L |
| Immunoglobulins, serum – IgG | 800-1500 mg/dL | 8-15 g/L |
| Immunoglobulins, serum – IgM | 45-150 mg/dL | 0.5-1.5 g/L |
| Immunoglobulin free light chains, serum – Kappa | 3.3-19.4 mg/L | |
| Immunoglobulin free light chains, serum – Lambda | 5.7-26.3 mg/L | |
| Immunoglobulin free light chains, serum – Kappa-to-lambda ratio | 0.26-1.65 | |
| Insulin, serum (fasting) | <20 μU/mL | <138.9 pmol/L |
| Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) (somatomedin-C), serum – Ages 16-24 | 182-780 ng/mL | 23.8-102.2 nmol/L |
| Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) (somatomedin-C), serum – Ages 25-39 | 114-492 ng/mL | 14.9-64.5 nmol/L |
| Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) (somatomedin-C), serum – Ages 40-54 | 90-360 ng/mL | 11.8-47.2 nmol/L |
| Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) (somatomedin-C), serum – Ages 55 and older | 71-290 ng/mL | 9.3-38 nmol/L |
| Iodine, urine – Random (“spot”) | µg/L; varies | |
| Iron, serum | 50-150 μg/dL | 9-26.9 μmol/L |
| Iron-binding capacity, serum (total) | 250-310 μg/dL | 44.8-55.5 μmol/L |
| Lactate dehydrogenase, serum | 80-225 U/L | 1.3-3.8 mckat/L |
| Lactate, arterial blood | <1.3 mmol/L (<1.3 mEq/L) | |
| Lactate, serum or plasma | 0.7-2.1 mmol/L | |
| Lactate, venous blood | 6-16 mg/dL | 0.7-1.8 mmol/L (0.7-1.8 mEq/L) |
| Lactic acid, serum | 6-19 mg/dL | 0.7-2.1 mmol/L |
| Lactose tolerance test, GI | Increase in plasma glucose: >15 mg/dL | |
| Lead, blood | <5.0 μg/dL | <0.2 μmol/L |
| Leukocyte count | 4000-11,000/μL | 4.5-11 x 10⁹/L |
| Segmented neutrophils | 50%-70% | |
| Band forms | 0%-5% | |
| Lymphocytes | 30%-45% | |
| Monocytes | 0%-6% | |
| Basophils | 0%-1% | |
| Eosinophils | 0%-3% | |
| Lipase, serum | 10-140 U/L | 0.2-2.3 mckat/L |
| Lipoprotein(a), serum | Desirable: <30 mg/dL | Desirable: <0.8 mmol |
| Luteinizing hormone (LH), serum – Female follicular/luteal | 1-12 mIU/mL | 1-12 U/L |
| Luteinizing hormone (LH), serum – Female mid-cycle peak | 9-80 mIU/mL | 9-80 U/L |
| Luteinizing hormone (LH), serum – Female postmenopausal | >30 mIU/mL | >30 U/L |
| Luteinizing hormone (LH), serum – Male adult | 2-9 mIU/mL | 2-9 U/L |
| Luteinizing hormone (LH), serum – Children Tanner stages 1, 2, 3 | <9.0 mIU/mL | <9 U/L |
| Luteinizing hormone (LH), serum – Children Tanner stages 4, 5 | 1-15 mIU/mL | 1-15 U/L |
| Lymphocyte subsets – CD3 | 900-3245/μL | 0.9-3.25 x 10⁹ cells/L |
| Lymphocyte subsets – CD4 | 530-1570/μL | 0.5-1.6 x 10⁹ cells/L |
| Lymphocyte subsets – CD8 | 430-1060/μL | 0.4-1.1 x 10⁹ cells/L |
| Lymphocyte subsets – CD19 | 208-590/μL | 0.2-0.6 x 10⁹ cells/L |
| Lymphocyte subsets – CD56 | 40-500/µL | 0.04-0.5 x 10⁹ cells/L |
| Magnesium, serum | 1.6-2.6 mg/dL | 0.7-1.1 mmol/L or 1.3-2.1 mEq/L |
| Magnesium, urine | 14-290 mg/24 hr | 5.8-119.2 mmol/day |
| Mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) | 28-32 pg | |
| Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) | 33-36 g/dL | 330-370 g/L |
| Mean corpuscular volume (MCV) | 80-98 fL | |
| Mean platelet volume | 7-9 fL | |
| Metanephrines, fractionated, plasma | Metanephrine | <0.5 nmol/L |
| Normetanephrine | <0.9 nmol/L | |
| Metanephrines, fractionated, 24-hour urine | Metanephrine | <400 µg/24 hr | <2 μmol/24 hour |
| Normetanephrine | <900 µg/24 hr | <5 μmol/24 hour | |
| Methylmalonic acid, serum | 0.00-0.40 µmol/L | |
| Myoglobin, serum | <100 μg/L | <5.7 nmol/L |
| Norepinephrine, plasma | Supine | 70-750 pg/mL | 400-4,400 pmol/L |
| Standing | 200-1700 pg/mL | 1,180-10,000 pmol/L | |
| Norepinephrine, urine | 0-100 μg/24 hr | 0-590 nmol/24 hr |
| Normetanephrine, fractionated, plasma | <0.9 nmol/L | <4.9 pmol/L |
| Normetanephrine, fractionated, 24-hour urine | <900 µg/24 hr | <4,900 nmol/24 hr |
| N-telopeptide, urine | Female: 11-48 nmol BCE/mmol creatinine; male: 7-68 nmol BCE/mmol creatinine | |
| N-terminal-pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-pro-BNP), serum or plasma | If eGFR >60 mL/min/1.73 m² – 18-49 years of age, Heart failure unlikely | ≤300 pg/mL | ≤35.4 pmol/L |
| High probability of heart failure | ≥450 pg/mL | ≥53.1 pmol/L | |
| 50-75 years of age, Heart failure unlikely | ≤300 pg/mL | ≤35.4 pmol/L | |
| High probability of heart failure | ≥900 pg/mL | ≥106.2 pmol/L | |
| Older than 75 years of age, Heart failure unlikely | ≤300 pg/mL | ≤35.4 pmol/L | |
| High probability of heart failure | ≥1800 pg/mL | ≥212.4 pmol/L | |
| If eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m², age ≥18 years, High probability of heart failure | ≥1200 pg/mL | ≥141.6 pmol/L | |
| Osmolality, serum | 275-295 mOsm/kg H2O | |
| Osmolality, urine | 38-1400 mOsm/kg H2O | |
| Osmotic fragility of erythrocytes | Increased if hemolysis occurs in over 0.5% NaCl; decreased if hemolysis is incomplete in 0.3% NaCl | |
| Osteocalcin, serum | Female: 7.2-27.9 ng/mL; male: 11.3-35.4 ng/mL | Female: 7.2-27.9 μg/L; male: 11.3-35.4 μg/L |
| Oxalate, urine | <40 mg/24 hr | <450 μmol/24 hr |
| Oxygen consumption | 225-275 mL/min | |
| Oxygen saturation, arterial blood | ≥95% | |
| Parathyroid hormone, serum (PTH) | C-terminal | 150-350 pg/mL | 150-350 ng/L |
| Intact | 10-65 pg/mL | 10-65 ng/L | |
| Intact (dialysis patients only) | Target: 130-585 pg/mL | 130-585 ng/L | |
| Parathyroid hormone-related protein, serum (PTHrP) | <1.5 pmol/L | |
| Partial thromboplastin time (activated) | 25-35 seconds | |
| pH, urine | 4.5-8.0 | |
| Phenolsulfonphthalein, urine | At least 25% excreted by 15 minutes; 40% by 30 minutes; 60% by 120 minutes | |
| Phosphatase (acid), serum | Total | 0.5-2.0 (Bodansky) units/mL |
| Prostatic fraction | 0.1-0.4 unit/mL | |
| Phosphatase (alkaline), serum | 30-120 U/L | 0.5-2 microkat/L |
| Phospholipids, serum (total) | 200-300 mg/dL | 2-3 g/L |
| Phosphorus, serum | 3.0-4.5 mg/dL | 1-1.5 mmol/L |
| Phosphorus, urine | 500-1200 mg/24 hr | 16.15-38.76 mmol/day |
| Platelet count (PLT) | 150,000-450,000/μL | 150-450 x 10⁹/L |
| Platelet function analysis (PFA-100) | Collagen-epinephrine closure time | 60-143 seconds |
| Collagen-ADP closure time | 58-123 seconds | |
| Platelet survival rate (51Cr) | 10 days | |
| Potassium, serum | 3.5-5.0 mEq/L | 3.5-5 mmol/L |
| Potassium, urine | Random (“spot”) | mEq/L; varies |
| 24-hour measurement | mEq/24 hr; varies with intake | |
| Prealbumin, serum | 16-30 mg/dL | 160-300 mg/L; 2.91-5.45 μmol/L |
| Pregnanetriol, urine | 0.2-3.5 mg/24 hr | 0.59-10.4 μmol/day |
| Pressure (opening) [initial], CSF | 70-180 mm CSF (70-180 mm H2O); 7-18 cm H2O | |
| Procalcitonin, serum | ≤0.10 ng/mL | ≤0.1 µg/L |
| Progesterone, serum | Female, follicular | 0.02-0.9 ng/mL | 0.06-2.9 nmol/L |
| Female, luteal | 2-30 ng/mL | 6.4-95.4 nmol/L | |
| Male (adult) | 0.12-0.3 ng/mL | 0.4-1 nmol/L | |
| Proinsulin, serum | 3-20 pmol/L | |
| Prolactin, serum | <20 ng/mL | <20 µg/L |
| Prostate-specific antigen, serum (PSA) | ng/mL; no specific normal or abnormal level | |
| Protein C activity, plasma | 65%-150% | |
| Protein C antigen, plasma | 70%-140% | |
| Protein catabolic rate, urine | goal: 1.0-1.2 g/kg/24 hr | |
| Protein S activity, plasma | 57%-131% | |
| Protein S antigen, plasma | Total | 60%-140% |
| Free | 60%-130% | |
| Protein, urine | Random (“spot”) | mg/dL; varies |
| 24-hour measurement | <100 mg/24 hr | <0.1 g/24 hr | |
| Proteins, CSF total | 15-45 mg/dL | |
| Proteins, serum | Total | 5.5-9.0 g/dL | 55-90 g/L |
| Albumin | 3.5-5.5 g/dL | 35-55 g/L | |
| Globulin | 2.0-3.5 g/dL | 20-35 g/L | |
| Alpha1 | 0.2-0.4 g/dL | 2-4 g/L | |
| Alpha2 | 0.5-0.9 g/dL | 5-9 g/L | |
| Beta | 0.6-1.1 g/dL | 6-11 g/L | |
| Gamma | 0.7-1.7 g/dL | 7-17 g/L | |
| Protein-to-creatinine ratio, urine | <0.2 mg/mg | |
| Prothrombin time, plasma | 11-13 seconds | |
| Pyruvic acid, blood | 0.08-0.16 mmol/L | |
| Red cell distribution width (RDW) | 9.0%-14.5% | |
| Red cell mass | Female: 22.7-27.9 mL/kg; male: 24.9-32.5 mL/kg | |
| Renin activity (angiotensin-I radioimmunoassay) | Normal diet – Supine | 0.3-2.5 ng/mL/hr | 0.3-2.5 mcg/L/hr |
| Normal diet – Upright | 0.2-3.6 ng/mL/hr | 0.2-3.6 mcg/L/hr | |
| Low sodium diet – Supine | 0.9-4.5 ng/mL/hr | 0.9-4.5 mcg/L/hr | |
| Low sodium diet – Upright | 4.1-9.1 ng/mL/hr | 4.1-9.1 mcg/L/hr | |
| Diuretics + low sodium diet | 6.3-13.7 ng/mL/hr | 6.3-13.7 mcg/L/hr | |
| Renal vein concentration | Normal ratio (high:low): <1.5 | |
| Reptilase time | 10-12 seconds | |
| Reticulocyte count | 0.5%-1.5% of red cells | |
| Reticulocyte count, absolute | 25,000-100,000/µL | 25-100 x 10⁹/L |
| Rheumatoid factor (nephelometry) | <24 IU/mL | |
| Rheumatoid factor, latex test for | ≤1:80 | |
| Ristocetin cofactor activity of plasma | See von Willebrand factor activity (ristocetin cofactor activity), plasma | |
| Russell viper venom time, dilute | 33-44 seconds | |
| Sex hormone-binding globulin | Female, nonpregnant: 18-144 nmol/L; male: 10-57 nmol/L | |
| Sodium, serum | 136-145 mEq/L | 136-145 mmol/L |
| Sodium, urine | Random (“spot”) | mEq/L; varies |
| 24-hour measurement | mEq/24 hr; varies with intake | |
| Specific gravity, urine | 1.002-1.030 | |
| Sperm density | 10-150 million/mL | |
| Sweat test for sodium and chloride | <60 mEq/L | |
| T3 resin uptake | 25%-35% | |
| T-lymphocyte count, CD4 | 530-1570/μL | |
| Testosterone, serum | Female | 18-54 ng/dL | 0.6-1.9 nmol/L |
| Male | 291-1100 ng/dL | 10.1-38.2 nmol/L | |
| Bioavailable, Female, age 18-69 yrs | 0.5-8.5 ng/dL | 0.02-0.29 nmol/L | |
| Testosterone, free, serum | Male | 70-300 pg/mL | 242.9-1041 pmol/L |
| Thrombin time | 17-23 seconds | |
| Thyroid function studies | T3 resin uptake | 25%-35% |
| Thyroglobulin, serum | <20 ng/mL | <20 µg/L | |
| Thyroidal iodine (123I) uptake | 5%-30% of administered dose at 24 hours | |
| Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), serum | 0.5-4.0 μU/mL | 0.5-4 mU/L | |
| Thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin (TSI) | <130% | |
| Thyroxine-binding globulin, serum | 12-27 µg/mL | 205-461.5 nmol/L | |
| Thyroxine index, free (estimate) | 12-May | |
| Thyroxine (T4), serum | Total | 5-12 μg/dL | 64.4-154.4 nmol/L |
| Free | 0.8-1.8 ng/dL | 10.3-23.2 pmol/L | |
| Triiodothyronine (T3), serum | Total | 80-180 ng/dL | 1.2-2.8 nmol/L |
| Reverse | 20-40 ng/dL | |
| Free | 2.3-4.2 pg/mL | 3.5-6.5 pmol/L | |
| Tissue transglutaminase antibody, IgA [by chemiluminescence method] | <20 AU | |
| Tissue transglutaminase antibody, IgG [by chemiluminescence method] | <20 AU | |
| Tissue transglutaminase antibody, IgA [by ELISA] | <4.0 U/mL | |
| Tissue transglutaminase antibody, IgG [by ELISA] | <6.0 U/mL | |
| Total proteins, CSF | 15-45 mg/dL | |
| Transaminase, serum glutamic oxaloacetic (SGOT) | See Aminotransferase, serum aspartate (AST) | |
| Transaminase, serum glutamic pyruvic (SGPT) | See Aminotransferase, serum alanine (ALT) | |
| Transferrin saturation | 20%-50% | |
| Transferrin, serum | 200-400 mg/dL | 24.6-49.2 μmol/L |
| Triglycerides, serum (fasting) (TG) | Optimal | <100 mg/dL; <1.1 mmol/L |
| Normal | <150 mg/dL; <1.7 mmol/L | |
| Borderline-high | 150-199 mg/dL; 1.7-2.2 mmol/L | |
| High | 200-499 mg/dL; 2.3-5.6 mmol/L | |
| Very high | >499 mg/dL; >5.6 mmol/L | |
| Troponin I, cardiac, serum | ≤0.04 ng/mL | ≤0.04 µg/L |
| Troponin T, cardiac, serum | ≤0.01 ng/mL | ≤0.01 µg/L |
| Troponin I, cardiac, high-sensitivity, plasma | Female: ≤15 ng/L; male: ≤20 ng/L | |
| Troponin T, cardiac, high-sensitivity, plasma | Female: ≤10 ng/L; male: ≤15 ng/L | |
| Tryptase, serum | <11.5 ng/mL | |
| Urea clearance, urine | Standard | 40-60 mL/min |
| Maximal | 60-100 mL/min | |
| Urea nitrogen, blood (BUN) | 8-20 mg/dL | 2.9-7.1 mmol/L |
| Urea nitrogen, urine | 12-20 g/24 hr | |
| Uric acid, serum | 3.0-7.0 mg/dL | 178.5-416.5 μmol/L |
| Uric acid, urine | 250-750 mg/24 hr | 1.6-4.8 mmol/24 hr |
| Uroporphyrin, urine | 10-30 μg/24 hr | |
| Vanillylmandelic acid, urine | <9 mg/24 hr | <45 µmol/24 hr |
| Venous oxygen content, mixed | 14-16 mL/dL | |
| Venous studies, mixed, blood | pH | 7.32-7.41 |
| PCO2 | 42-53 mm Hg; 5.6-7.1 kPa | |
| PO2 | 35-42 mm Hg; 4.7-5.6 kPa | |
| Bicarbonate | 24-28 mEq/L; 24-28 mmol/L | |
| Oxygen saturation (SvO2) | 65%-75% | |
| Viscosity, serum | 1.4-1.8 cp | |
| Vitamin A, serum | Adult | 32.5-78.0 μg/dL; 1.1-2.7 µmol/L |
| Pediatric, age 1-2 yr (retinol) | 20-43 μg/dL; 0.7-1.5 µmol/L | |
| Vitamin B12, serum | 200-800 pg/mL | 147.5-589.8 pmol/L |
| Vitamin D metabolites, serum | 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol) | 15-60 pg/mL; 39-156 pmol/L |
| 25-Hydroxyvitamin D (25-hydroxycholecalciferol) | 30-60 ng/mL; 74.9-149.8 nmol/L | |
| Vitamin E, serum | Adult | 5.5-17.0 mg/L; 12.8-39.4 μmol/L |
| Pediatric, age 1-2 yr (alpha-tocopherol) | 2.9-16.6 mg/L; 6.73-38.55 µmol/L | |
| Volume, blood | Plasma | Female: 43 mL/kg; male: 44 mL/kg |
| Red cell | Female: 20-30 mL/kg; male: 25-35 mL/kg | |
| von Willebrand factor activity (ristocetin cofactor activity), plasma | 50%-150% | |
| von Willebrand factor antigen, plasma | 50%-150% | Zinc, serum | 75-140 μg/dL | 11.5-21.4 µmol/L |